Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) is a type of plasma generated at atmospheric pressure and near room temperature. Plasma is often described as the fourth state of matter, alongside solids, liquids, and gases, and is produced when electrical energy is applied to a gas such as air, helium, or argon. Lightning is one of the best-known natural examples of plasma. This process generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which are chemically active substances.

CAP can interact with microorganisms and biological materials through these reactive species. Depending on the conditions, these interactions can affect components such as cell membranes, proteins, and DNA. The effects can vary based on the type and volume of such reactive species, the plasma delivery platform exposure time, and distance from the wound.

Cold atmospheric plasma can also be used to create plasma-activated liquids. These are liquids that have been exposed to plasma and contain reactive species produced during the process. Examples include plasma-activated water, gels, saline, and other liquid media.

CAP is studied in various areas of biological and materials research. Different devices can produce plasma with different characteristics, so researchers consider factors such as the type of gas used, temperature, electrical settings, exposure time, and the distance between the plasma source and the wound.

Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for advice about a wound or any health concern.