Reactive Nitrogen Species (RNS) are a group of chemically reactive nitrogen-containing species, including both free radicals and non-radical molecules. They include nitric oxide (NO•), peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂•), and other reactive nitrogen compounds. RNS are naturally produced in biological systems and can participate in cellular signalling, immune responses, and redox reactions.

Because RNS can interact with Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), they are often considered together as Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). For example, nitric oxide can react with superoxide, a type of ROS, to form peroxynitrite. While some RNS, particularly nitric oxide, have important biological functions, excessive or uncontrolled production can contribute to nitrosative stress and damage cellular components.

These interactions are also relevant to clinical research in plasma medicine, where Cold Atmospheric Plasma (CAP) can generate RONS, including nitrogen-containing reactive species. Their interactions with microorganisms, cells, and tissues are being studied for their potential role in antimicrobial activity and wound healing.

Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for advice about any health concern.