A VLU, or venous leg ulcer, is a chronic, open wound that develops on the lower leg, usually in the gaiter area between the ankle and mid-calf. It is most often caused by chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), a condition in which weakened or damaged vein valves let blood pool in the legs instead of flowing back to the heart. This raises pressure in the veins, damages small blood vessels, and makes it harder for the skin to heal.

Common signs include swelling that worsens through the day, aching or heavy legs, itching, and brownish discolouration around the ankles. The skin may become thick or hard. The ulcer itself is usually shallow and irregular in shape, with a moist, red base. VLUs affect an estimated 0.2% to 1% of adults and are more common in people over 65 and in women. Other risk factors include obesity, reduced mobility, prolonged sitting or standing, a family history of venous disease, previous deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and multiple pregnancies.

With appropriate care, many venous leg ulcers heal within weeks to months, although some take longer. Compression therapy is the standard treatment, and it also helps reduce the risk of recurrence, which is common after healing. Anyone who suspects a leg ulcer should consult a healthcare professional for proper assessment and care.

Disclaimer: This information is for general educational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Consult a qualified healthcare professional for advice about any health concern.